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486. Ina May Gaskin, Ina May’s Guide to Childbirth, revised and updated (New York: Bantam, 2003, revised 2019). Примечательно, что эта версия все еще охотно цитируется на обложках с подачи Кристиан Нортроп, знаменитого доктора в области женского здоровья, которая обрела дурную славу, распространяя ложную информацию о пандемии и вакцинах. Colin Woodard, Instagram♦[18] Blocks Account of Celebrity Maine Doctor Who Spreads Vaccine Disinformation, Press Herald, April 30, 2021, https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/30/instagram-blocks-account-of-celebrity-maine-doctor-who-spreads-vaccine-disinformation/.
487. Gaskin, Ina May’s Guide to Childbirth, rev. ed., 293.
488. Sharon Dekel, Caren Stuebe, and Gabriella Dishy, Childbirth Induced Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors, Frontiers in Psychology 8 (April 11, 2017): 560, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00560.
489. Sharon Dekel, Tsachi EinDor, Zohar Berman, Ida S. Barsoumian, Sonika Agarwal, and Roger K. Pitman, Delivery Mode Is Associated with Maternal Mental Health Following Childbirth, Archives of Women’s Mental Health 22, № 6 (December 2019): 817–24, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-00968-2.
490. Sabrina J. Chan, Tsachi EinDor, Philip A. Mayopoulos, Michelle M. Mesa, Ryan M. Sunda, Brenna F. McCarthy, Anjali J. Kaimal, and Sharon Dekel, Risk Factors for Developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Childbirth, Psychiatry Research 290 (August 2020): 113090, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113090.
491. Freya Thiel and Sharon Dekel, Peritraumatic Dissociation in Childbirth-Evoked Posttraumatic Stress and Postpartum Mental Health, Archives of Women’s Mental Health 23, № 2 (April 2020): 189–97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-00978-0.
492. Zohar Berman, Freya Thiel, Anjali J. Kaimal, and Sharon Dekel, Association of Sexual Assault History with Traumatic Childbirth and Subsequent PTSD, Archives of Women’s Mental Health 24 (October 2021): 767–71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-021-01129-0.
493. Chan et al., Risk Factors for Developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Childbirth, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113090.
494. Sharon Dekel, Tsachi EinDor, Gabriella A. Dishy, and Philip A. Mayopoulos, Beyond Postpartum Depression: Posttraumatic Stress-Depressive Response Following Childbirth, Archives of Women’s Mental Health 23, № 4 (August 2020): 557–64, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-01006-x.
495. Neven Henigsberg, Petra Kalember, Zrnka Kovačić Petrović, and Ana Šečić, Neuroimaging Research in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder — Focus on Amygdala, Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex, in Theranostic Approach to PTSD, ed. Nela Pivac, special issue, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 90 (March 2, 2019): 37–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.003; Konstantinos Bromis, Maria Calem, Antje A. T. S. Reinders, Steven C. R. Williams, and Matthew J. Kempton, Meta-Analysis of 89 Structural MRI Studies in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comparison with Major Depressive Disorder, American Journal of Psychiatry 175, № 10 (October 2018): 989–98, https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111199.
496. Zohar Berman, Freya Thiel, Gabriella A. Dishy, Sabrina J. Chan, and Sharon Dekel, Maternal Psychological Growth Following Childbirth, Archives of Women’s Mental Health 24, № 2 (April 1, 2021): 313–20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01053-9.
497. Gus A. Mayopoulos, Tsachi Ein-Dor, Kevin G. Li, Sabrina J. Chan, and Sharon Dekel, COVID-19 Positivity Associated with Traumatic Stress Response to Childbirth and No Visitors and Infant Separation in the Hospital, Scientific Reports 11 (June 29, 2021): 13535, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92985-4. Это исследование рисует поистине живописную картину того, как чувствовали себя женщины, родившие в первую волну пандемии и получившие положительные результаты тестов на COVID-19. Зачастую им приходилось рожать без поддержки близких. Их чаще разделяли с новорожденными после родов. Они сообщали о более болезненном процессе родов и более неблагоприятном исходе для своих детей, которым чаще требовалось пребывание в отделении реанимации и терапии новорожденных. Все эти факторы совершенно точно привели и к более тяжелым психологическим состояниям.
498. Ananya S. Iyengar, Tsachi Ein-Dor, Emily X. Zhang, Sabrina J. Chan, Anjali J. Kaimal, and Sharon Dekel, Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal Mental Health during COVID-19, MedRxiv (December 2, 2021), https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.21265428.
499. Saraswathi Vedam, Kathrin Stoll, Tanya Khemet Taiwo, Nicholas Rubashkin, Melissa Cheyney, Nan Strauss, Monica McLemore, et al., The Giving Voice to Mothers Study: Inequity and Mistreatment during Pregnancy and Childbirth in the United States, Reproductive Health 16 (June 11, 2019): 77, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0729-2.
500. Birthing While Black: Examining America’s Black Maternal Health Crisis, Before the House Oversight and Reform Committee, 117th Cong. (2021) (свидетельские показания Кори Буш, члена палаты представителей США из Миссури).
Глава 8. Кто-то в зеркале
501. Sian Cain, Lucy Ellmann: “We Need to Raise the Level of Discourse”, Guardian, December 7, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/07/lucy-ellmann-ducks-newburyport-interview.
502. Matthew Brett and Sallie Baxendale, Motherhood and Memory: A Review, Psychoneuroendocrinology 26, № 4 (May 2001): 339–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00003-8.
503. Charles M. Poser, Marilyn R. Kassirer, and Janis M. Peyser, Benign Encephalopathy of Pregnancy: Preliminary Clinical Observations, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 73, № 1 (January 1986): 39–43, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb03239.x.
504. Marla V. Anderson and Mel D. Rutherford, Cognitive Reorganization during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: An Evolutionary Perspective, Evolutionary Psychology 10, № 4 (October 2012): 659–87, https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491201000402.
505. Dustin M. Logan, Kyle R. Hill, Rochelle Jones, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, and Michael J. Larson, How Do Memory and Attention Change with Pregnancy and Childbirth? A Controlled Longitudinal Examination of Neuropsychological Functioning in Pregnant and Postpartum Women, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 36, № 5 (May 2014): 528–39, https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2014.912614.
506. Anderson and Rutherford, Cognitive Reorganization during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period, https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491201000402.
507. Sasha J. Davies, Jarrad A. G. Lum, Helen Skouteris, Linda K. Byrne, and Melissa J. Hayden, Cognitive Impairment during Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis, Medical Journal of Australia 208, № 1 (January 2018): 35–40, https://doi.org/10.5694/mja17.00131.
508. Elizabeth Hampson, Shauna-Dae Phillips, Sarah J. Duff-Canning, Kelly L. Evans, Mia Merrill, Julia K. Pinsonneault, Wolfgang Sadée, Claudio N. Soares, and Meir Steiner, Working Memory in Pregnant Women: Relation to Estrogen and Antepartum Depression, in Estradiol and Cognition: Molecules to Mind, eds. Victoria Luine and Maya Frankfurt, special issue, Hormones and Behavior 74 (August 2015): 218–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.006.
509. Claire M. Vanston and Neil V. Watson, Selective and Persistent Effect of Foetal Sex on Cognition in Pregnant Women, NeuroReport 16, № 7 (May 12, 2005): 779–82, https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200505120-00024.
510. Laura M. Glynn, Increasing Parity Is Associated with Cumulative Effects on Memory, Journal of Women’s Health 21, № 10 (October 2012): 1038–45, https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2011.3206.
511. Jin-Xia Zheng, Lili Ge, Huiyou Chen, Xindao Yin, Yu-Chen Chen, and Wei-Wei Tang, Disruption within Brain Default Mode Network in Postpartum Women without Depression, Medicine 99, № 18 (May 2020): e20045, https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020045.
512. Elseline Hoekzema, Erika Barba-Müller, Cristina Pozzobon, Marisol Picado, Florencio Lucco, David García-García, Juan Carlos Soliva, et al., Pregnancy Leads to Long-Lasting Changes in Human Brain Structure, Nature Neuroscience 20, № 2 (2017): 287–96, https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4458.
513. Liisa A. M. Galea, Brandi K. Ormerod, Sharadh Sampath, Xanthoula Kostaras, Donald M. Wilkie, and Maria T. Phelps, Spatial Working Memory and Hippocampal Size across Pregnancy in Rats, Hormones and Behavior 37, № 1 (February 2000): 86–95, https://doi.org/10.1006/hbeh.1999.1560.
514. Pawluski, Hoekzema, Leuner, and Lonstein, Less Can Be More: Fine Tuning the Maternal Brain, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.045; Jodi L. Pawluski, Lambert, and Kinsley, Neuroplasticity in the Maternal Hippocampus, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004; J. L. Pawluski, A. Valença, A. I. M. Santos, J. P. Costa-Nunes, H. W. M. Steinbusch, and T. Strekalova, Pregnancy or Stress Decrease Complexity of CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in the Hippocampus of Adult Female Rats, Neuroscience 227 (December 27, 2012): 201–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.059.
515. Duarte-Guterman, Leuner, and Galea, The Long and Short Term Effects of Motherhood on the Brain, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.02.004.
516. Erica R. Glasper, Molly M. Hyer, Jhansi Katakam, Robyn Harper, Cyrus Ameri, and Thomas Wolz, Fatherhood Contributes to Increased Hippocampal Spine Density and Anxiety Regulation in California Mice, Brain and Behavior 6, № 1 (January 2016): e00416, https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.416; Erica R. Glasper, Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy, Ashley Pavlic, and Elizabeth Gould, Paternal Experience Suppresses Adult Neurogenesis without Altering Hippocampal Function in Peromyscus Californicus, Journal of Comparative Neurology 519, no. 11 (August 1, 2011): 2271–81, https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.22628.
517. Pawluski, Lambert, and Kinsley, Neuroplasticity in the Maternal Hippocampus, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004.
518. Rand S. Eid, Jessica A. Chaiton, Stephanie E. Lieblich, Tamara S. Bodnar, Joanne Weinberg, and Liisa A. M. Galea, Early and Late Effects of Maternal Experience on Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Microglia, and the Circulating Cytokine Milieu, Neurobiology of Aging 78 (June 2019): 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.021; Duarte-Guterman, Leuner, and Galea, Effects of Motherhood on the Brain, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.02.004.
519. Lisa Y. Maeng and Tracey J. Shors, Once a Mother, Always a Mother: Maternal Experience Protects Females from the Negative Effects of Stress on Learning, Behavioral Neuroscience 126, № 1 (February 2012): 137–41, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026707.
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